athenara:~$ registry cite papers/freqai-paper

FreqAI: generalizing adaptive modeling for chaotic time-series market forecasts

Software paper for FreqAI, the adaptive machine-learning module inside the Freqtrade bot, which retrains models during live deployment and feeds forecasts to entry/exit logic.

#machine-learning #forecasting #adaptive-retraining #feature-engineering #reinforcement-learning

added 2026-08-17 · GPL-3.0 · external

$ git clone https://github.com/freqtrade/freqtrade
@article{freqai-paper,
  title  = {FreqAI: generalizing adaptive modeling for chaotic time-series market forecasts},
  author = {Robert A. Caulk and Elin Törnquist and Matthias Voppichler and Andrew R. Lawless and Ryan McMullan and Wagner Costa Santos and Timothy C. Pogue and Johan van der Vlugt and Stefan P. Gehring and Pascal Schmidt and Emergent Methods LLC and Freqtrade open source project},
  year   = {2022},
  note   = {Journal of Open Source Software 7(80):4864},
}

A peer-reviewed software paper (submitted October 2022, published that December, reviewed by @ady00 and @shagunsodhani) for FreqAI, which “aims to provide a generalized and extensible open-sourced framework geared toward live deployments of adaptive modeling for market forecasting”, built on Freqtrade’s existing data collection, storage, and live-exchange interaction. The paper names the libraries it wraps — scikit-learn, CatBoost, LightGBM, XGBoost, stable_baselines3, OpenAI gym, TensorFlow, PyTorch, SciPy, NumPy, pandas — and describes a run as configured by two files, a --config and a --strategy. Its claim to contain methods “not available anywhere else in the open-source (or scientific) world” is the authors’ own.

The 2022 feature list has since been overtaken by the software. Current documentation describes self-adaptive retraining during live deployment, feature engineering over 10k+ features, backtesting with automated retraining, outlier removal, PCA dimensionality reduction, and model persistence to disk. Reinforcement learning is supported through stable_baselines3 and gym, with a templated ReinforcementLearner and three environments spanning hold/long/short, four-action, and five-action spaces.

The code is not a research drop: it lives under freqtrade/freqai/ in the maintained Freqtrade repository, which is GPL-3.0 — copyleft, so anything built on it inherits those terms. The paper text itself is CC BY 4.0, and the Zenodo archive record’s cc-by-4.0 metadata describes that record, not the software. The paper reports no returns, PnL, or profitability figures of any kind.

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trading [●●●··] moderate   ai [●●●··] moderate   programming [●····] none   setup [●····] none

origin external
license GPL-3.0
doi 10.21105/joss.04864
markets crypto

implements rl-policy

builds on freqtrade

athenara:~$